The Strong and Durable Digging Equipment – Excavator and Its Parts

Digging equipments for construction is a very strong and durable one. They are usually made of steel which can carry heavy materials without breaking and dig to the ground with the use of the excavator bucket teeth. This part of the machine is built like this so that it will break down the materials that it will dig and it would be easier for the machine to do its task because of this feature. As a result also, it is easier for the bucket to dig through the earth and scoop it up for easy loading and unloading. Excavation is part of a construction project that requires heavy equipment machinery specifically an excavator bucket. It is an attachment that is very useful in construction projects that requires a lot of digging like in making bridges, trenches, ditches and also in mining. The bucket is an application that can be attached even at cranes, tractors, and other construction machinery. As the word itself, its main purpose is to dig and load a larger volume of material that is of great help and at the same time convenient to the workers at mining and construction sites. The excavator bucket suppliers have designed this very efficient machine for a lot of purposes. In the construction area, it is used to break the soil and remove it for the purpose of making trenches, ditches or bridges. Aside from the soil, it can dig through any materials that are within its capacity. In landscaping, it generally is used to excavate the earth so that the area will be designed according to the plans. Moreover, it is used for mining wherein it clears the ground for different mining tasks. In addition it can even dig to the ground to gather raw materials like ore and rocks. Operation of the excavator bucket requires you to be responsible of maintaining it in good shape. Like other machines, it must be checked for any damage and parts that needs to be fixed for it to work well in the area. You must be responsible in keeping it functional and efficient for you to accomplish your work according to your plans. The excavator parts all work together in order to appropriately perform its task. The bucket has a point of attachment wherein it is designed to move and be maneuvered easily according to the wishes of the operator. The tasks and the area that the machine will be used will determine its size. Large and heavy equipment ones are more preferable if you are going to use it on larger projects. Moreover, a compact or smaller in size construction machinery is recommended for small areas and not so big projects. The excavator bucket is indeed very useful in different areas especially that it is a very durable and powerful equipment in digging up materials based on its capacity. It serves a lot of purposes to workers and contractors. Maintenance is also easier if you do daily checkups and inspection on the equipment daily before you proceed with your tasks. Jaw breakers: http://www. hxjq-crusher. com/1. html vibratory feeder: http://www. hxjqchina. com/product-list_14. html combination crusher: http://www. hxjqchina. com/product-list_16. html

Portable Players Essay

The innovation set by the Walkman has lead to the creation of different portable media for music listening. This paved the way for the consumers to forever change the way they listen to music (Bellis 1). In fact, the Walkman is considered to be the main catalyst which prompted many companies to re-invent their products to become handy and mobile. Previously, music and news were only confined in big mechanical boxes sitting inside a living room. No one ever imagined that a bulky listening device can actually be turned into something which will fit right into one’s pocket. The Walkman, with an offshoot of portable CD players, has greatly modified the way people establish their lifestyles. The establishments of portable media players, especially those which can play music, have increased a form of mobility for consumers. Practically, it is very obvious that people are now freer to work on other matters even while listening to their favorite tunes. For most cases, this can equate to greater productivity values in day to day activities. Moreover, having a portable listening device such as a CD player makes one’s feelings more invigorated. This can deliberately affect his outlook towards the tasks he is going to do. Aside from that, it is very likely that the convenience of having a portable media player can increase the ability of a person to interact with other people. On a personal note, the presence of portable listening devices is actually a two-faceted situation. On the positive side, people now have the option to bring along the music wherever they go and whenever they may demand for it. Portable media have truly become one convenient way to integrate an entertainment platform defying the limits of previous generations of bulky and impractical music devices. This enriches a person’s point of view because of the fact that he can actually make his life enjoyable by listening to his favorite music anytime. On the other side however, having portable media can actually spell some drastic effects towards an individuals’ personality especially when the use of such devices become uncontrollable. One reason why mobile music players have a positive effect to a person’s social life is the fact that they can satisfy the personal needs of people. For example, if one needs to relax a bit out of the daily routine work, then a simple click and popping of headsets to the ears would sustain a change in mood for the better (Weinberger 1). However, it is also possible that such person, with the right addiction level towards music, may forget that he is still actually a part of the greater social structure. It is very possible that he will tend to interact less and less with other people, become unproductive at work or even modify an attitude towards obsession. Add to that the fact that portable music players pose a certain degree of health risks. Personal stereo systems may actually induce hear loss with extended use according to Canada’s Minister of Health. Even the Media Awareness Network is concerned about having music which promotes racism, discrimination and violence which makes it more available to portable players. Technology is one of the main factors for the development of human society. But sometimes, there are also some consequences that it may induce for people to change their outlook in life, personal feelings and overall philosophy. In such a case, it is important that each person has the capacity to limit himself towards becoming a slave for technological advancement in which social interaction perspectives maybe compromised. As of the moment, the portable music players are still doing its job to satisfy the entertainment hunger of the people. It is only a matter of personal evaluation to help an individual look beyond the excitement of having a mobile music treasure box and see other consequences it may bring. Works Cited Bellis, Mary. â€Å"Sony Walkman. † About. com. 2008. 27 Feb 2008 . Health Canada, â€Å"It’s Your Health. † Minister of Health. 2006. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. 27 Feb 2008 . Media Awareness, â€Å"Inappropriate Content in Music. † Media Awareness Network. 2008. 27 Feb 2008 . Weinberger, Norman. â€Å"Musica Research Notes. † Musica. uci. edu. 1996. 27 Feb 2008 .

Europa Europa Film Assignment

At first in the orphanage, Solomon goes through indoctrination, and the ideas are presented to him. From there it seems that he begins to change, but gets reinforcement when the bombs begin to I fall after the candy incident. In the interaction with the German troops, he adapts by lying on who he is really is to survive, and make it through the events. The theme of adapting ties with Judaism, because as Jews were expelled from place to place, as they moved they changed to fit into environment, and lastly survive through time.This Idea becomes visible because s Solomon moves from place to place, he changes his Identity to adapt and survive. However this Is not only a literal change of his Identity. At a point he pulls his skin on his pens In attempt to make It look Like he Is not circumcised. This Is a physical change that he tries to perform, but Is not able to do so In the end. From here It Is clear that he wants to hide out, but every time it is a change that goes with hiding his r eligion and the ideas that create that religious ideology. In the movie, adaptability becomes a need to survive, and in sense has relation toJudaism. Within the roots of Judaism has the sense of movement to find out that the ideas have dispersed. In the movie, the sense that he is exiled from his identity, and at times it seems that he is far out, and cannot come back. But as the plot develops, he attempts to return back to his true identity, but then to be caught within the lines of the Germans yet again. But then in the end he ends up returning to his real identity. But as he comes back, he learns that his family Is dead except for his brother, and In sense the family is dispersed away from each other.In the movie Europe Europe, there are various themes that are apparent. But the idea of adaptability to survive comes up over and over through the movie. It establishes that in the end the true identity that comes from your cultural background, ends up, at times having oneself to cha nge for survival. Within the movie Solomon changes to survive, in hope that he may see the light in the end of tunnel. Through this ordeal, he confronts his religious beliefs and has doubts about them. But over and over through specific scenes he is reinserted that belief is still strong tit him.Through his perils he encounters various events, when these events take a turn for the worse; the belief is restored through some specific event, or him being saved from revealing his real identity. Solomon changes himself not to oppose his beliefs or even his religion, but more so to survive. From Judaism the idea of exile implies that you leave, and upon leaving you slightly alter yourself to fit In, and blend From here one can conclude that In various manners, Solomon performs an act that is identified within in his religion.Solomon survives Dye slung ten concept AT adapt TTY Tanat comes Walt n ten Idea AT exile, and is though he alters his belief, he is reinserted by his beliefs yet agai n that they are in reality in him. Even when he tries to pull his skin to cover his circumcision he fells the pains, and learns that the identity follows him regardless if he lives with them in the open, or if he attempts to hide them. Solomon holds the idea of adaptability to secure his life, and at the time it was one of his main concerns, and he successfully does so.

Education fund scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Education fund scholarship - Essay Example Also, the learning experience in college itself imparts great experiences. My first source of inspiration and my happiest memories of childhood are associated with my grandfather. He had lived during Depression and told me stories about his childhood. As a parental figure in my life, he was extremely wise and philosophical. He would read me Shakespeare at bedtime when I was 9 years old and also tutor me in mathematics and science when I got older. He climbed out of extreme poverty by educating himself, became successful and lived the American dream. He was an extraordinary person who demonstrated that education could take you places. He died of cancer when I was 14. I was devastated. I have been living on my own since I was 17. I have come to realize how hard it is to get ahead without a college education. A college education is prerequisite for being successful in today's economy. Unfortunately, higher education is also very expensive. I got my first job as a 1-hour photo processor at 16 (during 1990-1993), while I was still in high school and I have held a variety of jobs. I worked at Radio Shack when I lived in Tucson AZ and I attended the university of Arizona and Pima community college (1994-1996). I volunteered on weekends at the Tucson Humane society in 1995. I cleaned cages, aided in the grooming of the animals and processed adoption applications. In high school, while others saved up for a car, I wanted to save up to buy my first computer. I have always loved to fix things electronic and computers as a kid. That's why I think the course at Devry's I am aiming to take, is a dream come true for me. BS in technical engineering (the development of computer hardware) is so aligned to what I wanted to do, that I am very enthused by it. When I dropped out of school (1996) due to a massive personal setback, and moved to San Francisco, I worked as a waiter and spent my spare time tutoring other people about computers. Now that I am more mature (32 yrs old), I realize what a blessing it is to be able to live in a country that has the resources and values higher education. In the past, (1992-96), when I went to community College, I befriended many older adults, who returned to school to better themselves and become more educated. Now as a "returning" college student myself, I look back and realize how courageous they were to return to school. I am more realistic now, able to imbibe more and my experiences in life have instilled a depth in me that aids faster conceptual understanding. Going back to school is going to be exhilarating, especially studying computers. Most of all, education is going to mean independence for me. I started getting unwell around 3 years ago and started receiving SSI about 2 years ago. I have been getting healthier due to the miracles of modern medicine. Since I have been on SSI, I have been relying on others to help me out with my day-to-day expenses. I believe going back to school and completing a degree will help be more independent and fend for myself. ESSAY #2 describes a situation in your life where your determination and/or perseverance have helped you achieve a goal. (600-word max) College can pose financial, academic and cultural challenges for students. Students who are most adept at facing challenges often have the greatest determination to succeed. We want to know about an experience in your life that

Immigrants' Food Traditions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Immigrants' Food Traditions - Research Paper Example As we walk across a supermarket in America we realize the impact of immigrants’ food in the United States. The citizens of the USA have easily adjusted to Mexican food habits. This has increased the availability of a wide range of cuisines in American food today. Food represents the culture of a country. Mexican cuisines are basically simple they are easy to cook. As it is cheap and tasty Mexican food is widely accepted by Americans. When Americans refer to Mexican cuisine they usually talk about â€Å"Tex-Mex cooking, an extremely popular cuisine that spans the long border between the United States and Mexico. The food of the south western US state of New Mexico and the dishes of many of the Native American peoples of the southwestern US, employ similar dish names to many Tex – Mex and some Mexican dishes, but use different flavorings and cooking techniques† (Essman para 1). Tex-Max foods are made spicy with the use of chilies, pepper, garlic, onion and other sp ices. â€Å"Beans are a primary starch, along with the flatbread, wheat or corn based, known as tortillas. The corn chip, the tortilla chip, and the piquant tomato dip known as salsa are all Tex-Max inventions, better known in bars and casual restaurants in Minneapolis, Seattle, or Chicago than they are in Mexico City or Guadalajara. Some other typical Tex-Mex favorites include† (Essman para 5). ... It became widely popular among youngsters in 1970s. â€Å"The original Tex-Mex hybrid began with a mixture of European Spanish and the Native-American cook ways of the region. When a number of families from the Canary Islands migrated to San Antonio in 1731, they brought a taste for Spanish and North African spices like cumin and cilantro that would differ from those that would become popular in metropolitan Mexico. Some theorists believe that Tex-Mex chili is a descendant of the Moroccan stews that are still today slow-cooked in the distinctive tangine clay oven† (Essman para 3). â€Å"Tex-Mex describes a great American food tradition† (Essman para 1). Tex-Max food varieties are very popular, and they are easily available in United States. It could be described as a typical food which is dominant and ethnic in its quality. It has been integrated with the mainstream eating delicacies of America. Americans have introduced some new cooking styles in the traditional Mexica n food. â€Å"American variants of Mexican cooking also add prodigious quantities of cheese, either shredded or melted, to nearly every dish, a practice rare in Mexico itself. The same heavy hand applies to the American use of sauces of all kinds. North of the border portions are larger, plates crammed with dishes that tend to run one into the other. In Mexico, the soft corn tortilla performs the function that bread on the table performs in the United States; it is a side starch. In the United States, tortillas, often fried up to a state of crispiness, become an ingredient in nearly every dish† (Essman para 3). Some Mexican dishes are served in a different style in the United States. Dishes like â€Å"enchiladas, tacos, and tamales are cooked and served differently† (Essman para 2). Mexican food has

Strategy Adopted by an Organization Is a Consequence of the Match Essay

Strategy Adopted by an Organization Is a Consequence of the Match between the Organizations External Relationships and its Internal Capabilities - Essay Example The researcher states that a mismatch between the internal capability of an organization and its strategies may to some extent contribute to less than optimal output and input ration in an organization. The accessible research findings have confirmed the existence of a very close relationship between an organization’s internal capabilities, the organization’s strategies, and the organization’s external relationships. In most cases, organizations that have the ability to balance between their internal capabilities and their strategies have competitive advantages over institutions that formulate their policies without considering their internal strengths and weaknesses. As a result, the analysis of the company’s internal liabilities, resources, weaknesses, and strengths are essential in the strategy formulation process. Sufficient examination of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats facing the business is as exceptionally decisive in devising the organization’s strategy. The objective of a strategy should be based on the company’s weaknesses and strengths. In planning for the organization strategy, the strategists should also consider the institution’s entrepreneurial problems and administrative problems. In most cases, strategies and organization’s internal capabilities reinforce each other in the success of an organization. A successful organization selects management systems that are in line with its strategies. Moreover, entities with several adjustment levels employ different strategies to match with their internal capabilities. As a result, business entities that have high-level of adjustments reveal organic structures and prospectors plan while business entities with low-level adjustment use mechanistic structures and defender strategies. In most cases, organizations strategists identify a unique approach to its marketplace before structuring an organization strategy that fits the identifi ed market approach.

Marketing Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing - Literature review Example With social media, an organization is able to easily use features available in social media to create eye capturing g adverts and applications that would help consumers make their shopping decisions. For instance, the probability of a young person to access a social media site is high on daily basis as compared to the probability to access an advert from another source. Additionally, the features in social media such as creation of organizational pages make it easier for an organization to effectively market its products (Hargadon & Douglas, 2001). Muntinga, Moorman & Smit (2011) argue that when consumers make shopping decisions, they base their decisions on customer service and approach an organization uses. The authors further point out that the fast a n advert captures the eye of a consumer the higher probability of a consumer has in choosing the organization for a shopping option (Buchanan & Gilles, 1990). The same sentiments are supported by Carrol & Reichheld (1992) who point o ut that the relationship between a consumer’s decision making process and choosing a shopping destination greatly depends on the presentation of an advertisement or knowledge of an organization. Once a consumer seeks to make a shopping decision, they need to make the decision in the least time possible. An organization should ensure that they produce a short but concise advert and use the most suitable medium to display the advert. On social media, these needs are easily addressed. The social media is an interesting medium, which captures the attention of the consumer, and a customer is likely to spend more time in the social media. This gives an organization’s marketing approach to gain more audience and enough time to influence the shopping decision making of a consumer (Kim, Mattila & Baloglu, 2011). The results of this argument have been outstanding as many organizations in the globe have social media pages. This is regardless of their size and significance in the corporate market. Cambria et.al (2011) also argue that the demand to use shopping media to provide shopping options for consumers has been on the rise since its initiation. Cambria et.al (2011) focuses on Apple Company and their utilization of the social media for marketing purposes: the organization has an outstanding social media response. Additionally, most consumers using their services and interested in their products use their social media contact information to acquire the required information on the products (Kim, Mattila & Baloglu, 2011). The organization has also increased their sensitivity in handling and responding to their social media handles. Wenger (2000) analyses the effects of the entry of the social media in the marketing industry. Prior to the introduction of the social media, consumers had to rely on physical rather than digital shopping methods. This was tiring and time consuming as they had to access organization at their centers of operation. With the introdu ction of the social media this has changed: consumers can now be able to access web pages, blogs and social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter to access shopping options. This is easier; less tiring ad does not require a

The Catholic Church in Ireland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Catholic Church in Ireland - Essay Example The 1937 draft was a betrayal of women (Mulhoffand, 1995)2 According to Mulhoffand; women played an active role in the overthrow of colonialism, the rise of suffragette movement, and the progress of labour movement. The constitution enshrined the Catholic Church as the state religion and relegated women's place to the home and with it their ideals and aspirations. With the democratic states seeking to run its politics, the Church sought to establish a relationship that harbored on non-interfere in specific areas of social life such as family, education and vocation over which it held jurisdiction (Crotty, 2004)3. The Catholic Church in Ireland, once the dominant social institution commanding overwhelming affiliation of church-goers, today maintains a role familiar to its competitive, pluralistic and competing interests. Ireland is a mix state between church-state separation and state religious neutrality, but a look at the 1937 constitution indicates that the Irish state has never been neutral when it came to religion. The recent trends show that Irish State is far from neutral in handling different religious communities. Currently, the relationship between secularisation and Irish state policy looks weak (Kissane, 2003)4. Richard D. Richard D. Finnegan (Ireland: The Challenge of Conflict and Change, 1983) wrote that the Roman Catholic faith in Ireland survived the Reformation, its penal laws and independence movement because its people felt that the church's religious liberty juxtaposed with Ireland's quest for freedom; the people felt that devotion to the church was devotion to the country. Moreover, the Gaelic Ireland movement associated devotion to the church with Irish cultural identity (Crotty, 2004)5. The autonomy that the church enjoyed saw it create its own style of institutions devoid of backward peasantry class or dominant landlord; it emphasised on a more traditional classical curriculum in its school. Gleeson and Munnelly (2004:3) wrote that the Catholic Church was not in favour of the creation of a separate single school subject on citizenship as it believed that moral education and personal development were best taught through religious education (Dr. Harris, 2005).6 In 1878 the government passed an Intermediate Education Act in which every student who passed the Intermediate examination was offered between 3 and 10. The church termed this system as a murder of the education system. The church was against such frivolities, and guarded their control over education, citing that the government system was a deviation from nationalism. The church protected their system to encourage children to learn more on nationalism and language. The primary curriculum was widened to take in more subjects, and much stress was laid on encouraging nationalism, particularly in the teaching of history. Irish was made compulsory (Changes in the Irish Education System, Ireland: culture and religion, 1912-49, multitext.ucc.ie)7. The Church also shaped public opinion against British nationalism and

Russian Trade Profile Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Russian Trade Profile - Research Paper Example With regards to imports, the nation brings in food, pharmaceuticals, foot wear, textiles and ground transports (Lalayants p 41). The principal trading partners of Russia include China that controls 7% of total exports and 10% of total imports. Germany dominates over 7% of exports and about 8% of the total imports.In 2013, the Russia Federation's merchandise exports reduced by 1.1% despite the fact that the exports increased by 11.2%. This was a poor performance in relation to the Asia-Pacific's collective growth of 2.1% in merchandise exports, but higher than the region's 4.9% rise in service exports. The service imports grew by 18.2% while the merchandise imports rose by 2.2%. This trade surplus remained stable reaching $ 180 billion in 2013 as shown in figures 1 and 2. This resulted in the growth of GDP and GDP per capita ("Asia-Pacific Trade Briefs: Russian Federation").Russia also experiences the largest expansion in FDI inflows in 2013, that increased with 56.7% to $ 79 billion. This growth has been strong since 2011 surpassing the regional total of 6.6% for 2012 whereby the outflows were larger than the inflows. The outflows in 2013 grew by 94% reaching $ 95 billion as shown in figures 1 and 3 ("Asia-Pacific Trade Briefs: Russian Federation").Cyprus was Russia's largest investment accounting for 18% of the FDI inflows. It reflected her repatriation of the earlier investments caused by the Cyprus financial problems. This resulted in the creation of more employment.

Management case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Management case study - Essay Example Organizations are also realizing the importance of ethical behavior in managing a diverse workforce. Diversity can be defined as the presence of members of different ages, genders, ethnic groups, and/or educational backgrounds in an organization. Since the composition of the workforce has been changing over the past few years, managing diversity has become a challenge to organizations. In the past, in many organizations in the United States, while male employees' occupied prominent managerial positions. However, the situation today has undergone a radical change with people from diverse backgrounds occupying managerial positions. The reasons for the emergence of this kind of diversity may be changing demographic structure of the workforce, competitive Pressures, rapidly growing increase in International Business etc. A major reason for emergence of diversity is changes in the demographic structure. Government legislation against discrimination and the increasing globalization of the firms have also led to the diversity of the workforce. In addition, modern organizations have realized that diversity should be encouraged because it enhances their competitiveness. Changing demographics is one of the most important reasons for the emergence of diversity. ... The increase in skills and education levels across the entire population combined with legal provision of equal opportunity for all have led to an increase in the number of people from diverse backgrounds occupying managerial positions. Diversity will help organizations to remain competitive. This fact is slowly being realized by organizations these days. Those firms that adopt a proactive, affirmative approach to recruiting people from diverse backgrounds generally have a talented and capable workforce. Moreover, organizations which hire people from diverse backgrounds are likely to gain a reputation as fair employers and are more likely to attract competent employees. Qualified employees in such organizations feel that they have better opportunities for growth as these organizations tend to follow fair and progressive policies. Increasing globalization of firms An organization faces the challenge of blending different cultures when it expands its operations beyond its national boundaries. Managers and technical personnel who go to a foreign country to put an organizational system in place will have to change their leadership styles, communication patterns and other practices to suit the culture of the foreign country. By so doing, they assist in bringing about a fusion of cultures and increasing employee productivity for the benefit of both the organization and the country. Those organizations which value diversity are in a better position to work with people from different cultures, customer and social norms when they go global. Therefore, in a business environment, where geographical borders no longer act as a constraint, organizations have to ensure that people of the host country are part of its workforce so that

Assessment Three Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Assessment Three - Case Study Example On Mar 19, Del was also able to enter a large contract to install tracking for a building society. On March 29, Del found out through phone inquiry that Boyse was not able to finish the van modification. Boyse promised to deliver by March 30, although reluctant. After the van was delivered and Boyse have left, Del found out that the front seat would not tip forward to allow access to the passenger seat. Likewise, the name printed on the side of the band read "Trickers" and not "Trackers." In the process of delivering the van without the modifications specified, Boyse already committed a grave mistake towards his customer. And the fact that Del, the customer was compromised to loss or acquire damages due to the negligence of Boyse all the more added weight to Boyse's failure to deliver as promised or agreed upon. In common law jurisdictions under contract law, misrepresentation are the false statement of fact made by one party that effect to induce another party into the contract. This is with the premise that three elements are necessarily established under the contract. Contract in this context is a legally binding exchange or agreement between parties that the law will enforce based on the Latin phrase pacta sunt servanda1. These elements are: offer and acceptance, consideration and intention to create legal relations. In the Offer and Acceptance In the case of Boyse and Del, Boyse made an offer to modify the van he was selling and the offer was accepted that is why there was a sale. The offer of modification include adjustment or removal of the passenger seat in its original location, adjustment of the passenger seat behind the driver's seat, and modification of the driver's seat which is to make it tip forward to allow access to the passenger seat. Another offer was to print the sides of the van with a specified name which was "Tracker". The last offer of course, was the delivery of the van on March 30. Nevertheless, basing on the case of Gordon v Selico (1986) 18 HLR 219 it is possible to make a misrepresentation either by words or by conduct, yet not everything said or done constitute a misrepresentation. In many cases, statements of opinion or intention are not statements of fact in the context of misrepresentation2. In the case of Boyse and Del, Boyse seem to have committed negligent misrepresentation, the following applies from the Misrepresentation Act 1967 under damages for misrepresentation: "(1) Where a person has entered into a contract after a misrepresentation has been made to him by another party thereto and as a result thereof he has suffered loss, then, if the person making the misrepresentation would be liable to damages in respect thereof had the misrepresentation been made fraudulently, that person shall be so liable notwithstanding that the misrepresentation was not made fraudulently, unless he proves that he had reasonable ground to believe and did believe up to the time the contract was made that the facts represented were true. (2) Where a person has entered into a contract after a misrepresentation has been made to him otherwise than fraudulently, and he would be entitled, by reason of the misrepresentation, to rescind the contract, then, if it is claimed, in any proceedings arising out of the contract, that the contract ought to be or has

Sports And School (My Experience) Essay Example for Free

Sports And School (My Experience) Essay School starts at a young age for most kids. They go to learn Arithmetic, English, History, and get a general education for life. They also learn to deal with others outside of their family and close friends. Such was the case for myself. I lived on a farm where my neighbor was my best friend till he moved away. I then had one year till school would start for me, which I would spend with my family, and one or two friends who I would see occasionally. When school finally started for me I had no friends I already knew. It only took me a few days of watching the older kids playing soccer to learn the game and I eventually started playing with them. They learned my name and I learned theirs, soon I was friends with most of the kids in the school (somewhere around 45 kids, K-6). The next year I was sent to a new school in Monticello. Again I made friends quickly and we would spend recesses playing tag and running around. As I entered the fourth grade professional sports entered my life. I had been wrestling long before I entered school and played baseball when I was old enough to enter tee-ball, but professional sports never occurred to me until football. From fourth grade to sixth I came to school in the fall and spring to play football. As I grew up and graduated elementary school I faced new options. I could now participate in regulated Jr. High teams. I chose football, wrestling and baseball. I had played all of these before, but this was high school sports where you had stands full of people to watch you. You now had pads to play football and your games were official. Life in wrestling would become more competitive and baseball would be as hard as ever and so far my experience has only been beneficial. I am now a senior in high school and my football career is over, but I along with others was able to bring home a state championship trophy. I?m doing great in my last wrestling season and will soon begin my final sport in high school. I lived for football and I am living wrestling. Every time I hear someone say sports should be discontinued from public school I feel as if they are trying to cripple students like my self who live for sports in high school. I came to school to get an education, after school I invoke my education to work for me in sports. Otherwise I would go home sit in front  of a T.V. or help my dad when needed. I could stay in town every now and then to hang out with friends, but I would mostly be confined to the barren area around my house. Now while playing sports I work hard to get through the school day (It seems to make time go faster) and then work hard at sports. I got in a habit of working hard while I?m awake so now everything I do I try to do right and I work hard at doing it. People say that students focus more on sports than they do their school work and classes. May be true in a few cases, but was never true in my case. I worked hard in school so I could be the best at both school and sports. I strove for success in tagging girls in elementary school so I also strove for success in my schoolwork. In high school you had to keep your grades up to play. I along with the majority of my fellow teammates went beyond meeting the requirements for not getting an F in any class, but in getting A?s in all of our classes. A coach once said to my brother, ?Work hard on and off the field.? I have lived my career so far off that saying. I?ve told others that and others have told me that. First hand I have seen students who can?t or don?t care to keep their grades up. They just slide from one class to the next working just enough to pass. They then were invited to come play a sport or do and activity with friends after school. They learned how much fun playing sports could be so they picked up their grades so they could play football, or wrestle. Even after the season was over they decided they wanted to keep their grades up and it wasn?t that hard to do it in the end. School sports also help those who don?t play. While keeping kids who play off the streets and away from bad influences it also motivates others to do the same. When school figures are supported and kids want to be like them they want to be great and will change a lot to be like the one they admire. For the most part those who play sports can?t do well if they are doing activities not suitable for students their ages (drugs, alcohol, violence, crimes.) so they are almost forced to set a good example while playing a sport. A winning sports season in a school-supported sport also raises the moral and efficiency of students. They become proud of their school and what they have done and want to keep the good name they have earned. Students  will talk about the season and have better memories of school. Ten years later a reunion will echo with, ?Do you remember instead of having a reunion where no one shows up because they felt as if they were not a part of their school or they had no me mories they wished to remember with their class. Above all you cannot end school sports for the minority of people who disagree with having sports sponsored by schools. Those few may have had a bad experience with sports and find it hard to fit in with those who?ve had good experiences. If you end it all for a few people everyone will become like those few people and sports as a whole may disappear, competition will disappear, initiative will disappear and people will have to find other paths to take to gain these skills so badly needed in life. Some of these paths taken will not be well chosen and can lead people astray in life. Again leading to crimes, drugs, alcohol, and other illegal activities. Baseball, movie shows, singers, and others helped cheer those in both the world wars. It kept American moral up and lead people to a time of prosperity and relaxation after World War II. Soldiers would talk about the World Series while they sat in their trenches rooting for a team. They would go watch a boxing match to take their mind off of what lay ahead for the time. With out these activities soldiers would have had to turn their attention elsewhere. Probably back to fighting which was the only thing they didn?t want to think about. Sports helped in the war effort so why can?t it help in the school effort.

Periodontal Therapy Evaluation

Periodontal Therapy Evaluation Chapter One: Introduction The objectives of periodontal therapy as stated by the American Academy of Periodontology official guidelines are natural dentition preservation; periodontal health maintenance and improvement, comfort, esthetics, and function; and replacements provision where indicated. (Guidelines for periodontal therapy .J Periodontol 1998) Therefore, the reduction of bacterial deposits and calculus on tooth surface is one of the objectives of periodontal therapy. (Axelsson et al, 1991) This objective can be achieved with hand scalers and curettes or ultrasonic scaling instruments. (Drisko, 1998) Many clinical studies showed no difference between ultrasonic/sonic and manual procedures when treating chronic periodontitis. (Tunkel et al, 2002) Total removal of subgingival calculus with hand or ultrasonic instruments or even periodontal surgery is not possible even with periodontal surgery. (Buchanan et al., 1987; Kepic et al., 1990). While Aleo et al. (1974) demonstrated the presence of bacterial endotoxins on diseased roots; Hatfield Baumhammers (1971) first described the cytotoxic effect of diseased root surfaces in cell cultures. The former workers also detected that human gingival fibroblasts did not adhere in vitro to a root surface contaminated with LPS in 1975. Therefore, it was determined that the removal of the affected cementum was critical to the success of periodontal therapy. Nakib et al. (1982), however, in another in vitro study failed to demonstrate penetration of endotoxins into root cement of either periodontally healthy or diseased teeth. As a result, they considered intended excessive removal of cementum was not acceptable in treatment, which was reinforced by other workers findings. Also Eide et al. (1983, 1984) found that the thin cuticle seen on diseased root surfaces that was most likely stemmed from the inflammatory exudate and could mineralize so these cytotoxic substances can be incorporated. Hughes Smales (1986) and Hughes et al. (1988) also did not approve the removal of substantial amounts of cementum, as LPS was detected by immunohistochemical techniques only on the cementum surface. Interestingly, Moore et al. (1986) demonstrated that virtually all the LPS associated with periodontally involved root surfaces could be removed just by rinsing and brushing. The root cementum has been studied for the presence of endotoxins as well as bacteria themselves. Hence for example Daly et al. (1982) observed in a histological study stainable bacteria in the cementum. They have showed that for a root surface to be free of contamination, cementum must be removed. Bacteria were also detected by Adriaens et al. (1988) in both the cementum and within the dentinal tubules. These authors as a result suggested the administration of chemotherapeutics to mechanical therapy in the treatment of periodontitis was required. Schroeder Rateitschak-Pliiss (1983) sanctioned the findings of Daly et al. (1982) of resorption lacimae in the cementum showing defects of 30-80 /im in depth. Likewise they found that extensive root planing was essential to remove bacterial accumulation niches. From a clinical point of view the motive for the extensive removal of root surface material has been questioned recently. Nyman et al. (1986) disclosed in beagle dogs that for an effective treatment of periodontitis the removal of so-called diseased cementum was not needed. The roots, following flap elevation, were instrumented with curettes and a diamond bur on one side of the jaw and on the contralateral side were only cleaned with interdental rubber tips and rubber cups by means of a low abrasive polishing paste. The healing, which was assessed histometrically, was alike with both treatments and was distinguished by a junctional epithelium with subjacent non-inflamed connective tissue. Nyman et al. (1988) in a subsequent study in humans, compared results in which the root surface polishing was accompanied by calculus removal but not cementum and similar healing was again seen. Blomlof et al. (1987), in another investigation on monkeys, found new attachment to the teeth treated with detergents rather than scaling. The effects of root scaling in an in vitro model system (Lie Meyer 1977) have been studied using SEM methods and limited to semi-quantitative assessments with the Loss of Tooth Substance Index (LTSI) score. Others have tried to determine the loss of substance from the micrometer screw recordings in the light microscope, after focusing twice (Allen Rhoads 1963). The ultrasonic instrument, in a corresponding in vitro model, caused loss of tooth substance of about 250 pm and of about 50 /im after the curette use. Berkstein et al. (1987) measured the diameter of the dental root with a micrometer caliper before and after single treatment with the curette, detecting a loss of substance of about 27 pxn. The effectiveness of the procedures of root planing can be studied in two different ways. The first one, In vivo studies, by evaluating healing of tissues around the treated teeth, and the other one, in vitro studies, directly following extraction of teeth after SRP in order to observe the characteristics and cleanliness of the root planed surfaces (Kepic et al, 1990). The stereomicroscope has been used by many authors to assess the residual calculus after extraction of the root planed teeth. However, to achieve a precise study to accurately evaluate root planed surfaces, scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a prerequisite (Rateitschak-Plà ¼ss et al, 1992). Many studies, concerning both microbiological and clinical aspects, have reported beneficial results from mechanical therapy (O’ Leary et al 1986; Ash et al, 1964; Sbordone, 1990). The hand instruments, ever since, were the first choice of clinicians. These instruments believed to produce a smooth root surface; yet, considerable manual dexterity is essential for their effective operation. Also, they are so time consuming and do not have the capability of reaching deeper root surface where pockets are more than 4 mm deep (Waerhaug, 1978; Rabbani et al, 1981 ). Ultrasonic tips were formerly designed for gross scaling and supragingival calculus and stains removal. Currently, modifications have been made to these power driven instruments to have longer working lengths and smaller diameter tips, thus providing better access to deep probing sites and more effective subgingival instrumentation. Ultrasonic instruments are easy to use; yet, it is often challenging to achieve a smooth and calculus free root surface (Moskow, 1972; Jones, 1972). Studies assessing variations in the magnitude of root surface changes created by hand, sonic, and ultrasonic instruments are lacking (Walmsley et al, 2008; Oda et al, 2004; Kocher et al, 2002). Bearing in mind manual and ultrasonic scalers, some reports show that manual scalers remove more root substance (Jacobson et al, 1994), while others showed that ultrasonic scalers do so (Oda et al, 2004). Concurrently, roughness of root surface after instrumentation is one of the most described changes in the literature. The relationship between the design of the tip, applied force, angulations and ultrasonic scaler type has been reviewed and all of these variables appear to explain the roughness of instrumented root surfaces (Flemmig et al, 1998). Ribeiro et al (2006) revealed that scaling with universal ultrasonic tips and diamond-coated sonic produced similar root surface roughness, which was more than that produced by hand curettes. Furthermore, another study by (Casarin et al, 2006) showed a positive influence of the ultrasonic scaler power settings on the roughness of the surface after instrumentation. As reported by those authors, more increased roughness was noted with greater settings of power. Lie and Leknes (1985) assessed the variations produced at different power settings by means of a subjective and controversial method, the Roughness Loss of Tooth Substance Index (RLTSI). The RLTSI assesses roughness and substance loss concurrently. Nevertheless, the loss of tooth substance with the use of a specific instrument cannot be straightway correlated with the root surface roughness (Kocher, 2002; Schmidlin et al, 2001), requiring a separate evaluation (Schmidlin et al, 2001).

Molecular Basis Of Neurotransmission Biology Essay

Molecular Basis Of Neurotransmission Biology Essay Brain is one of the most important organs of the body with continuous network connecting each cell physically with the help of neurons the building blocks of nervous system. Neurons transmit their signal to other cells in the form of electrochemical waves through their fibres called axons. Signal is transmitted in the synaptic gap with the help of chemical substances called Neurotransmitters. These signals are important in order to coordinate organ functions, smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscle actions and bodily secretions for the long time survival of mammals. The current topic depicts the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of neurotransmission with particular emphasis on the neurotransmitter release, action and inhibition. Background Information: Neurons are the building blocks of nervous system transmit information by electrical and chemical signalling. These neurons consist of mainly three parts they are cell body, dendrites and an axon. The gap between the two neurons is called synapse. The chemical substances which transmit impulses through the gap are called Neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitter release occurs by the regulated exocytosis of vesicles containing the transmitter. As transmitters are released by a process of fusion of vesicular membrane with plasma membrane. The way of release of transmitter is not identical for all neurotransmitters and all synapses. The rate of release of different vesicles varies because small scale vesicles (SSVs) lie close to the synaptic membrane at specialized areas called active zones release faster where as large dense core vesicles (LDCVs) which are present at the body terminal release slowly. Quantal release of Neurotransmitters: Neurotransmitters are stored in special membrane enclosed organelles called synaptic vesicles and packed as discrete packets called Quanta. At normal conditions a huge number of vesicles are released simultaneously leading to depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane and the generation of an action potential. Each vesicle contains approximately the same amount of neurotransmitters, since each quantum released produces approximately the same postsynaptic depolarization. The depolarizations are observed in small amounts of 0.5mv and they are called Miniature end plate potentials. At central synapses one quantum is released on arrival of a single action potential, but with a probability of less than one. Calcium ions involvement in transmitter release: External calcium is essential for transmitter release and this calcium enters the nerve terminal through voltage gated calcium channels. The calcium involvement in transmitter release is found by various studies like Freeze Fraction Studies Omega Profile and Cage Molecules The active zone that is present at the pre-synaptic site contains the Calcium channels and the action potential release transmitter by depolarizing the pres-synaptic membrane and opening calcium channels. The rise in local calcium concentration makes the exocytosis of the docked vesicles with the plasma membrane and release of transmitter into the synaptic cleft. Calcium concentration adjacent to the calcium channels increase from resting level of 0.2Â µM to steady state of about 400Â µM.The concentration at half maximal is 194Â µM which is a relatively low affinity and the maximal rate of secretion was high. The active zone contains more than hundred calcium channels all channels do not open for single action potential but at such a site any single vesicle is docked by more than one calcium channel. At CNS synapses N and P/Q type of calcium channels appear to be predominant where as at neuromuscular junction P type channels are responsible for neurotransmitter release. The exocytose trigger must have fast, low affinity, cooperative calcium binding. Excitation-Secretion coupling: Calcium concentration is low intracelluraly and both the concentration and electrical gradients provides a strong driving force for calcium entry. Thus when a voltage gated Ca+2 channels open in response to the depolarization of the membrane by an action potential, there is a possibility for the intracellular calcium concentration to increase by large extent. This calcium acts at extremely short distances that is in nanometres in times of microseconds and at very high local concentration of nearly 100 Â µM. Calcium dependent steps of Neurotransmitter release: Synaptic vesicles are tethered to cytoskeletal proteins some distance from the active zone. Vesicle recruitment is a calcium dependent step which frees the vesicles and then moves to the active zone on the presynaptic membrane. Once the vesicle is released from cytoskeleton it binds to the presynaptic membrane a process called Docking. The next step is priming which is an ATP dependent process and after this calcium stimulus in which there is a rapid fusion of the primed vesicles and exocytosis of the neurotransmitter. Every step requires different amounts of calcium and the final step requires very high local calcium concentration. Anchored vesicle Recruitment Ca+2 = 0.5Â µM Docking Docked vesicle ATP Priming Ca+2 = 0.3Â µM ADP+Pi Primed vesicle Fusion Ca+2 > 100Â µM Exocytosed vesicle The diagram represents the various steps involved in neurotransmitter release. Protein involvement in Transmitter release: There is large number of proteins present on the vesicular membrane and these are involved in the neurotransmitter release and in neurotransmission process. These proteins perform a general functions that are not restricted to a single class of transmitters. Transmitter release depends not only on the vesicular proteins but also on the proteins of the plasma membrane and cytoplasm. The various proteins involved in neurotransmission are depicted below. Protein Function Vesicular transmitter transporter Taking of transmitter into vesicles Synaptotagmin Trigger for vesicle fusion and docking Synaptobrevin Acts in a late step of vesicle fusion Rab3 Regulating vesicle targeting and availability Synapsin Tether vesicle to actin cytoskeleton Syntaxin Essential for late step in fusion NSF Disrupt complexes after exocytosis The various proteins and their actions are outlined below SNARE complex: The three synaptic proteins Synaptobrevin or vesicular associated membrane protein, Syntaxin and Synaptosomal associated protein of 25KDa form tight 20S complex called as core complex or the SNARE receptor complex. These form a four stranded coiled coil. These coils make the fusion of the membranes of the vesicular membrane and the plasma membrane. These are mainly involved in docking and priming steps of vesicular release. NSFprotein: N-Ethylmaleimide sensitive factor, an ATPase involved in membrane trafficking. NSF hexane bind a cofactor ÃŽ ±-SNAP and this complex in turn binds to SNARE complex this leads to disassembly of the complex and this action of NSF might catalytically rearrange the SNARSEs so that the membranes were brought together. Calcium binding proteins: These proteins are candidates for coupling the action potential to exocytosis. Synaptotagmin an integral membrane protein of the synaptic vesicles contains two calcium binding C2 domains called C2A and C2B. These domains interact with SNARE complex proteins and with phospholipids in a calcium dependent manner. These interactions are the triggering events for fusion. Synapsin: The cytoskeleton to which vesicles attach contains actin and fodrin. Vesicles are attached to these actin and fodrin by proteins called synapsins. Synapsin binds to vesicles by interaction with the phospholipids and vesicle associated CaMK2 which allow the vesicles to move to the active zone. Synaptophysin and Physophilin: A vesicular protein Synaptophysin and a plasmembrane protein Physophilin form a pore called fusion pore by their interaction and these fusion pores later expands to allow the release of vesicular contents. Rab3A: It is one of the cytosolic small G protein involved in neurotransmitters vesicle fusion and recycling by the help of GTP. It first binds to GTP and then to vesicles, which move the vesicles to the active site and after exocytosis GTP is hydrolysed to GDP and which results in recycling of vesicles. Nurexins: Nurexins are the family of brain specific proteins involved in neurotransmitter release. Molecular basis of synaptic action: Chemical synaptic transmission is one of the most important ways of communication from neuron to neuron and neuron to muscle. This transmission results in the carrying of impulses from the pre synaptic membrane to the post-synaptic membrane. At the post synaptic site the neurotransmitters binds to macro molecular substances called receptors. This receptor action results in opening of an or alter the concentration of intracellular metabolites. The response may be either excitatory or inhibitory. The magnitude of response depends on the state of the receptor and the amount of transmitter released. Type of receptors present on the post-synaptic site depends on the neurotransmitter. There are two main classes of receptors involved in neurotransmitter action. They are 1. Ionotropic Receptor and 2. Metabotropic Receptors 1. Ionotropic Receptors: Ionotropic receptors are multisubunit membrane bound protein complexes composed of proteins that combine to form an ion channel through the membrane. There are two distinct families of ionotropic receptors one consists of Ach, nAch, receptor for gamma-amino butyric acid, glycine receptors and 5HT3 receptors and the other class consists of many types of ionotropic glutamate receptors. Its structure consists of 5 subunits designated as ÃŽ ±, ÃŽ ², ÃŽ ³ and ÃŽ ´ which are about 290KDa.These subunits assemble to form a ring like structure enclosing a central pore. Each subunit at the outer portion form a funnel shaped extracellular domain with an intracellular diameter of 20-25A0 and also consists of intracellular domain. Each subunit of the receptor consists of four transmembrane spanning segments TM1-TM4. Each segment consists of hydrophobic amino acids which stabilizes the domain within the hydrophobic environment of the lipid membrane. It also consists of N and C terminals. Structure of the channel pore determines ion selectivity and current flow. The amino acids which form the transmembrane-2 contain a negative charge and are oriented towards the central pore of the channel. This negative charge ensures passage of cations only with prefarability. The physical dimensions of the pore contribute greatly to the selectivity for particular ions. Cytoplasmic portion contains narrow openings made up of ÃŽ ±-helical rods which regulate the flow of ions. Thus these physical characteristics of the pore along with the electrochemical gradients determine the possibility of ionic movements. TM2 segments are helical in shape and exhibits a kink in their structure which forces leucine residues from each segment such that it effectively blocks the flow of ions through the central pore of the receptors. When the transmitter binds to specific domains on the receptor causes rotation of the TM2 segments which results in the flow of ions. 2. Metabotropic receptors: Metabotropic receptors are single polypeptides that exert effects not through opening of ion channels but through binding and activating GTP-binding proteins. So these receptors are also called as G-protein coupled receptors. The various receptors comes under this category are ÃŽ ±,ÃŽ ²-adrenergic, muscarnic, dopamine, GABAergic and glutaminergic. Its structure consists of a single polypeptide with seven membrane spanning helical segments associating with 24 hydrophobic amino acids. In the centre of the seven membranes spanning segments a pocket is formed which provides the neurotransmitter binding sites. The N-terminal is towards extracellular where as C-terminal is towards cytoplasm. GPCR activation causes the isomerisation of the receptors spontaneously between active and inactive states. Only the active state of the receptor interacts with G-proteins when the agonist binds and when there is absence of agonist the inactive state of the receptor is favoured. Activation of the receptor causes coupling of G-protein initiating the exchange of GDP for GTP. This activated G-protein couples to many downstream effectors and alters the activity of intracellular enzymes or ion channels. These G-protein target enzymes produce diffusible second messengers that stimulate further downstream biochemical processes like activation of protein kinases. Molecular basis of Synaptic Inactivation: The action of the neurotransmitter in the synapse is terminated by two major mechanisms. They are 1. Diffusion and 2. Uptake processes 1. Diffusion process: Simple diffusion is the main mechanism of rapidly reducing the concentration of neurotransmitter. The diffusion is mainly affected by the synaptic morphology like geometry of the cleft and adjacent spaces. 2. Uptake process: Uptake of transmitter from the synaptic cleft is carried out by high affinity sodium dependent transporters. These transporters comes under two families Na+ and K+ dependent glutamate transporters Na+ and Cl- dependent transporters These uptake transporters are inhibited by various uptake inhibitors. For example epinephrine is inhibited by methoxylated metabolites normetanephrine, metanephrine and phenoxybenzamine. Vesicles are refilled by an antiport mechanism. Inside the vesicles there is high amount of protons produced by the activity of H+-ATPase. Neurotransmitters are transported into vesicles by the antiport of H+ out of the vesicles. The other mechanisms by which synaptic inactivation occurs are enzymatic inactivation and antagonism. In enzymatic antagonism enzymes inactivate the neurotransmitter for example acetylcholine is inactivated by the enzyme acetyl cholinesterase in which it is cleaved to acetyl and choline groups such that its activity is inhibited and in case of antagonism various drugs and other substances inactivate the neurotransmitter by blocking the receptor on which the neurotransmitter. Conclusion: So, I summarise from my essay that in the case of neurotransmitter release from the vesicles, mainly the molecules involve are calcium and specific proteins and in the case of synaptic action of neurotransmitters ionotropic and metabotropic receptors plays an important molecular role and finally in the case of synaptic inactivation of neurotransmitters diffusion, uptake process, metabolism and antagonism form a molecular basis.

How can Collaborating Virtually Compete with face-to-face Interaction?

The world is not as small as it once was. Individuals are more complex than they once were, seeking greater freedoms of expression in their professional lives. They are more intelligent and have a great need to know their roles in their broader organizations. Corporations have changed also. They are no longer seeking profit in one arena. Many of the successful corporations compete in a myriad of different arena in an even more diverse network of countries. Corporations have become worldwide conglomerates. â€Å"Organizations of the future will increasingly live in a world that is flatter, faster, and much more chaotic. They will need to respond in the marketplace before headquarters realizes the game has changed.† (Katzenbach & Khan, 2009, pg. 99) As a result of this flatter, faster, and more chaotic world both individuals and organizations have found it necessary to change the way they communicate. As individuals we are more connected than we have been at any other p oint in history. â€Å"Where once the challenge was how to stay connected, now the pervasive use of BlackBerry and wireless-enabled laptop computers allow one to be connected around the clock and around the world. The new challenge may be learning how to filter out information or how to set boundaries around available time. Effective virtual collaborators will learn to establish team norms that ensure that no one is being overwhelmed with too much information and that are respectful of teammates’ work/life balance.† (Bradley, 2010, pp. 205) Here rests the fulcrum of successfully collaborating virtually. It is balancing the right mix of information with the correct medium in order to ensure collaboration takes place. Successful collaborators keep constituents eng... ...es the time available for discussion and analysis of strategic options (Rudolph & Repenning, 2002), creates problems in achieving both cognitive and effective consensus at least some of the time (Gersick, 1988), and generally diminishes communication quality in many, if not most, instances (Waller et al., 2002). Yet organizational team members seem unable to escape the demand for speed. A significant organizational challenge is in creating communication processes that allow reflective understanding of the meaning and perspectives of others, yet within the increasingly stringent time constraints commonly found in organizational settings.† (Berry, 2006, pp. 344-366) As a leader, when it comes to collaborating virtually this is your primary task. Leaders need to put in place systems that allow the strength of the collective genius of their constituents to shine.

Pips Personality Change in Great Expectations :: Great Expectations Essays

Pip's Personality Change in Great Expectations Most people would assume that through age and maturation, a boy with a wonderful heart and personality would further develop into a kind hearted, considerate gentleman. In Great Expectations, Charles Dickens provides his readers with an example of a boy who regresses in certain aspects of his personality rather than progressing as one would expect. Pip, a person who had loved and revered his uncle Joe as a child, while maturing, finds that his perspective on life has shifted. This boy, beginning life with a caring, generous heart, regresses becoming a superficial, ungrateful man who is ashamed of what he had once been. Pip and Biddy had become the best of friends and felt very strongly towards each other. However, once Pip had been introduced to Estella, he was overcome by her beauty, and would never again be able to look at Biddy, without feeling critical towards her. Slowly, after coming into contact with Estella, Pip was becoming superficial, as he was only interested in a girl's appearance. Thinking of Biddy, Pip thought to himself, "She was not beautiful--She was common and could not be like Estella..." (p 600) Estella's beauty had made Pip blind as to what was really important in a person. No matter how coldly Pip was treated by Estella, he went on loving her only because of her astounding beauty. As Pip progressed in life, he became increasingly ungrateful to the people that had raised and cared for him as a child. His disrespect was most strongly shown towards Joe. Having not seen Joe for a number of years, Pip shows that he would rather have continued his now prosperous life without having anything to do with Joe, when he thinks, "Let me confess with what feeling I looked forward to Joe's coming... Not with pleasure though I was bound to him by so many ties; no, with considerable disturbance and some mortification." (p 630) Despite Joe's kindness and caring, Pip remained unappreciative and ungrateful, for now Pip was wealthy and did not care to have contact with a poor man. Pip's most unfavorable quality was the fact that he was ashamed of his past and his family. By now, the only thing Pip was interested in was

Indian Mathematics :: India Math Education

Introduction: Indian, in particular, Hindu, mathematics has not been given the credit or recognition that it deserves. Many of the foundational concepts used in all mathematics were first discovered by the Hindu Indians. This paper will discuss many of these concepts and how they were used in the fifth through the eighth centuries. Apart from direct testimony on the point, the literature of the Hindus furnishes unmistakable evidence to prove that the ancient Hindus possessed astonishing power of memory and concentration of thought. The science of mathematics, the most abstract of all sciences, must have an irresistible fascination for the minds of the Hindus. Mathematics is the science to which Indians have contributed the most. Our decimal system, place notation, numbers one through nine, and the ubiquitous 0, are all major Indian contributions to world science. Without them, our modern world of computer sciences, satellites, microchips, and artificial intelligence would all have been impossible. The majority of my writing will focus on a specific area of math called the shulba sutras, which consists of the majority of the discoveries made in geometry. This geometry fascinates me because of their purpose and meaning that is connected with everything they do. Math although seemingly very concrete, right and wrong, can be explained in a spiritual sense as well. The meanings behind all the numerical calculations are the actual significant part according the Vedic literature. The Sulba Sutras The Sulba Sutras, is an important part of the Vedic literature, which consists of a detailed analysis explaining the importance and interrelation between various branches of Vedic texts. Mr. Maharihsi Mahesh Yogi, has completely restored the thousands of years-old scattered Vedic Literature for the total significance of its theory and practice, and has organized it in the form of a complete science of consciousness. The Vedic literature is compiled into forty parts, including the four Vedas plus six sections each with six parts. The four Vedas, the Brahamanas, the Vendangas, the Upa-Vedas, and the Pratishakhya each "express a specific quality of consciousness,"(1) which means that we need to look beyond the surface to find the deeper meanings. There are four main Sulba Sutras, the Baudhayana, the Apastamba, the Manava, and the Katyayna. One of the meanings of the Vedic Sulba Sutras is "string, cord or rope,"(1) which shows that the earliest geometrical and mathematical investigations among the Indians rose from the requirements of their religious rituals. "This could be a reference to the fact that measurements for the geometrical constructions are performed by drawing arcs with different radii and centers using a cord or sulba".

No Security Without Development

There is no security without development and no development without security. (40 marks) This essay is going to focus on whether there can be no security without development and no development without security. Security can include economic security, social (personal, political and community ) security, health security and food security. Development can include social (hospitals, schools, housing) and infrastructure (communication links roads, power supplies, access to water) aspects.Security and development can both be linked to poverty. So, the question is, if a country or region is living in poverty can either security or development be gained? There cannot be no security without development if people do not own enough land as they do not have social security or do not have land to grow crops, meaning a lack of economic and food security. Afghanistan is a unstable country and is prone to civil wars lasting over 30 years. Only 12% of it's land is farmable meaning that Afghans are c ompeting for the best land.However, instead of growing crops, they crop poppies that can be used to produce heroin, which generates much more income than crops. This can give some economic security, but defects food security due to the lack of crops grown. There cannot be no security if people live in fear of losing everything in a natural disaster such as an earthquake, tsunami or a volcanic eruption. An example of this is the Asian Tsunami in 2004 that hit countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lankia, India and Thailand.It killed 250000 people in a day, causing mass damage wiping out everything in its way. This meant that houses, infrastructure, health services and businesses were destroyed. With 1. 7 million people homeless, it clasped social security and left many people without food. The 18 countries that were affected lacked security. However, with NGO's, aid and relief it allowed the countries to develop again which helped to rebuild businesses which helped increase econ omic security and gave shelter and good supplies which developed to increase social and food security.Therefore, this suggests that with security a country can develop and with development there can be security. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is a resource rich country, however, it lacks security. They have a lot of gold but no machines to get it out, lacks development of infrastructure. Unfortunately, no big companies will invest unless the country has peace and gains social security. However, to help the country develop, monitoring of mines is a strategy to help bring security and get resources safely to sell, which provides an income to help the DRC to develop.Sadly, there are not enough conflict free mines such as in Nyabibwe to help full development as there is only partial security. Therefore, this suggests that if there is no security development cannot take place. To conclude, no security without development and no development without security is dependent on an area s status. For example the DRC has conflict and lacks security so no one will invest to help development, whereas a country like Indonesia, where a natural disaster has occurred lacks security but aid and relief is given that increases development that helps to increase security.

Sakae Sushi Business Plan

BU2005 Entrepreneurship Sakae Sushi pedigree design By Lu Mi (12668064) Zhou Ke Jun (12618536) Aditya Nandal (1266) whitethornank B strongwaj(12669440) mayank. emailprotected jcu. edu. au administrator Summary This cross suffers an abstract and evaluation of the accepted and prospective nutrition grocery shop class, gross r fifty-fiftyue dodging, marking customers, harvest-tideion approach, expenses and capital requirements of Sakae Sushi. It is an in depth report that discusses ab knocked disclose(p) the burn up of Sakae Sushi as ane of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of capital of Singapores study suspireaurant shackles.This report dialog about the methods apply by Sakae Sushi to rend customers during the date of the Asian mo nettary crisis. This report contains fiscal lines of Sakae Sushi it a same(p) contains infor mattingion link up to the exist confused in running the rail line, i. e. expenses, salaries and cost of raw mat erials, and so forth It as wholesome as contains education about the management police squad of Sakae Sushi and it leaves insights of the indus supply and the comp whatsoever on the whole. besides discussed here atomic number 18 the mixed harvest- epochs and twain fit(p sanguineicate)ot offered at Sakae Sushi and the methods implemented by them to throw out and advertise their defacement to the state.At the end in that respect ar a few questions conduct to the principal executive Officer of Sakae Sushi, Mr. Douglas Foo Peow Yong, which ordain financial aid us to gain st finesseing line conk k instanterledge about Mr. Foo and withal about Sakae Sushi. It depart bidwise scotch aid young and budding entrepreneurs to understand how to thunder mugfulvas the commercialize and make right decisions from time to time. Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. Overview of the intentness 3. Insights on the community 4. Market/ harvest-time Positioning 5. point of intersections and serve offered 6. merchandising (4 Ps) 7. sales 8. Business Development post 9. Production crop 0. Suppliers 11. Staff tuition and requirements 12. Expenses and Capital Requirements 13. vestibular sense Sheet 14. In watch recital 15. immediate fixment Flow account 16. Balance aero computer programmee & cash flow statement of Sakae H senileings 17. financial Highlights 18. perplexity Profile 19. room of theater directlyors 20. storehouseing Request and Exit dodging 21. Risks and Contingency supplying 22. Recommendations Introduction Sushi is a Nipponese specialty that consists of boiled acetum sieve wrapped around by a sheet of seaweed usu all(a)y teetotal seaweed. Sushi is the nigh re straight routened Japanese pabulum found outside Japan.In Japan sushi is depicted as a traditional provender, the Japanese population enjoy dissimilar types of sushi during several(prenominal) occasions. For prototype oshi-zushi, which is made by pres sing fish onto the sushi rice in a wooden box, inari-zushi is a rattling truthful and or so inexpensive type of sushi in which the rice is filled into deep fried tofu, chirashi-zushi is an some former(a) variety of sushi in which sea fodder, mushrooms and vegetables be added e actuallyplace the sushi rice (Japan-guide. com, 2008). The main ingredients twisty in preparing sushi atomic number 18 Shari that consists of short white-grained Japanese rice mixed with a fertilisation consisting of rice-vinegar, sugar and salt.Next ingredient is Nori, which is essentially black seaweed wrappers it is a type of algae truly common in the harbors of Japan. It for the most br apiece involves the use of fish tuna, organism the most common and as head as the chefs specialty. disparate sea nourishments wish well shrimp, octopus, squid and manoeuvre ar used in preparing sushi. on that point hobo be over frequently(prenominal) ingredients added to sushi by just adding them to the rice beforehand it is upset over with the seaweed. One thunder mug use the bamboo mat for making the sushi roll (Japan-guide. com, 2008). Sakae Sushi was setoff- social class introduced during the Asian financial crisis when almost all of the study(ip) Asian economies were going through a phase of turmoil.Mr. Douglas Foo Peow Yong, the Chief executive incumbent of Sakae Sushi go arounded the showtime branch of his straight off famous chain of restaurants in 1997 at give Place, Singapore. At that point in time m any would stand out judgementl of it as a very uncollectible air and a dandy risk, however the conjunction did exceptionally s swellhead to verify its image in the market and they ceremonious themselves as a tough con ladder among separate food chains. They managed all this by providing excellent quality customer do and serving one of the most voluptuous sushi dishes in the city.Sakae sushi in any casek the heart of many Singaporeans and in that respect innovative desire of serving sushi on the conveyor flush pull uped to a niftyer extent and to a greater extent customers, non totally the Japanese people living in Singapore exactly to a fault tourists from all over the introduction chitchating Singapore being a tourist hotspot. Many foreigners visiting Singapore were in search of great ambiance and good quality fine dine culinary art, which was setd at Sakae Sushi and the hospitality of the staff at Sakae sushi made their customers visit them more practically and alike recommend them to their fellow colleagues and friends. Overview of the IndustryMr. Douglas Foo would neer spend a penny imagined that taking a pretend of launching his bank line during tough measure would wee-wee paid of so much and help him r distributively such(prenominal) heights, as during the multiplication of recession it is al shipway very hard to interject a pertly market and go in the market, only his hard fiddle a long with the for addictedess and commitment of his colleagues and their dream of go the surmount in the air not only allowed the argument to flourish during hard times plainly in callable socio-economic clear it as well became one of the most famous and trusted restaurant in qSingapore and besides in antithetical parts of Asia. Mr.Douglas Foo implemented his business idea with full trueness and attention and he to a fault operated his business at low mesh margins, which helped him attract more customers including the budding midriff class and excessively students to enjoy great relishing authentic Japanese cuisine session at home in Singapore. He saw that his business was doing well in Asia and this made him think of expanding outside Asia. He started of with the coreed States of America besides due to the world financial crisis in 2008 his dreams of doing well in the States were shattered and it was hard to sustain the business in New York.Mr. Foo being a gre at Entrepreneur spy the difficulties early on during the financial crisis and he finally decided to unopen elaborate operations at the Chrysler building in New York. Insights on the Company Mr. Douglas Foo introduced the primary branch of Sakae Sushi at Raffles address in Singapore in the social class 1997, knowing its going to be a tough fight Mr. Foo neer backed out. He worked really hard along with his team to penetrate into the market and establish Sakae Sushi in the country.To attract customers they unbroken the outlays low in comparison to separate competitors, which attracted more customers and soon went on to stretch out impudent out allows one by one and finally instantaneously they own more than 30 emergences in Singapore but he did not stop here, his intents of becoming world renowned motivated him to unfold sensitive outlets in Malaysia, Thailand, In makesia, Philippines and the Peoples Republic of china, with intentions of entering north-central Kore a and as well as looking to operate in the united States of America in the near early (Apex- comrade International, 2009).They heart-to-heart many branches in the suburban areas of Singapore, which gives a clear idea of them stressful to reach out to the masses this is an former(a)(a)(a)(prenominal) reason for their success. To grow along with the spendthrift growing impudent generation, Mr. Foo introduced several other chains apart from sushi, he unresolved chains like Sakae Teppanyaki, Sakae Izakaya, The Pasta shop class by Sakae, Hibiki and also for private vault of heaven parties he introduced Nouvelle Events and they soon became one of the surpass caterers in the whole of Singapore.The innovative idea of victimisation conveyor belt to serve food met with a huge success and attracted customers who were looking for a great ambience to enjoy delicious food. He also introduced Sakae Delivery that enabled people to level off hallow sushi at their home by craft Sakae Sushi directly. Their good quality food, safe environs and customer friendly suffice allowed them to hand uplifted customer triumph, gum olibanum making them one of the best restaurant chains not only in Singapore but in many incompatible parts of Asia (Apex-Pal, 2003). Mr.Foo does not just regard to stop here he has plans enter other Asian markets like North Korea that has strong monopoly power and also he still hopes for achieving success in the joined States of America. Market/Product Positioning Sakae sushi not only serves sushi but it also has a variety of harvest-festivals that were introduced by Mr. Foo to maintain supremacy in the market. He k raw(a) very well that Singapore being a tourist nation attracts many foreigners who have contrastive understanding buds, so he introduced various other signature dishes that suit the taste buds of the customers.To keep up with the requisite they keep on innovating and introducing wise offers and current themes each cal endar month for example they started with Soba theme for the month of April which involved several Soba food specialties like soba soup, soba salad and soba cheese rolls, and the best part is that all of these items are affordable even for the middle class. At some stores they even serve free meals on all first Sunday of the month for the young children.Its all- classic(a) to attract the young generation and straight offs generation loves to have fast-flying food so they introduced variety of burgers like Teriyaki Chicken, Unagi and Salmon Mango, the school going children and college students also cherish such delicacies provided to them at commonsensible prices. Sakae sushi also runs several sushi buffets for each meal of the day like lunch buffet, tea buffet and dinner buffet for every member of the family from children to youth to adult they go after all the generations. Their customers love the availability of divergent desserts with several fruity flavors and they are e ven healthy.The vast varity of desserts offered like sesame with red bean, vanilla with chestnut, mango and strawberry, etc. are cherished by one and all, therefrom the people enjoy coming to Sakae Sushi again and again (Apex-Pal International, n. d. ). Marketing Marketing is an art and science of mixing up of elements such as appealing products, competitive prices, well-off places/locations, and promotions to comprise the basic building blocks of the substantials offer to the market (Noel Capon, 2009, p. 11). Marketing basically involves 3 types of orientation, i. e. Consumer, goal and organisation orientation. on the whole three orientations need to go hand in hand so as to achieve golden success for any solid and this is exactly the case of Sakae Sushi. Mr. Douglas Foo and other members of the management team were able to address all three orientations very well and were able to create such a brand in Singapore that now has operations in some of the major economies of Asia. The marketing mix of service marketing included 4 Ps that are essential to efficaciously market a product to the prospective scrape market, the 4 Ps are namely Product, Place, progression and Pricing.For any firm to excel in its marketing efforts it needfully to focus on these 4 Ps so as to effectively market their product and create a well-established brand image. (Please refer to appendix 1. 1) Product The term product refers to the tangible carnal products as well as services that include decisions to be made regarding the brand name, styling, packaging and design, etc. of a product. The way Sakae Sushi has brought about a change to this judgment is something for which the management at Sakae Sushi deserves a great round of applause.Introducing an already known product to the customers in a totally forward-looking way and effectively marketing it to the masses by introducing a totally vernal concept of conveyor belt is something to claim from. It not only requires crea tivity but also innovation at its best, so that whatever hard work is gift in is reflected by the desire the customers have for their sushi (Lovelock, 2007). Price The level of competition in todays world is very high and everything costs a great meat of money as compared to the past.So to effectively market out a product to the customers out of the 4 Ps, price is a very important tone that needs to be winn into friendship as it appropriates the demand of a commodity inversely. If the price is more then the demand for a good falls and vice-versa, so to augment the gross sales pricing should be competitive, and Sakae Sushi has done exactly the same by introducing the Sakae Buffet at competitive prices for different days of the week so that every sushi liver gets to eat all what they supplicate for. PlacePlace or distribution strategies are have-to doe with with making products available to the customers where and when they want them (Charles W. dear et al. 2008,pg. 46). Sakae Sushi outlets in Singapore are located at strategically important and well-disposed places, so that their customers need not laissez passer miles in search for good food. universe located at many of Singapores prime locations and almost all outlets accessible by M. R. T, it makes Sakae Sushi the preferred pick for the working class of Singapore in areas such as City Hall, Dhoby Ghaut and plantation during peak office hours.Sakae Sushi targets those areas to operate their stores where they influence a potential target market also safekeeping in hear other areas in close vicinity. Promotion Promotion represents the methods of communication that a vender may use to provide teaching to different parties about his product. Promotion comprises of elements such asadvertising,public carnal knowledges,personal exchangeandsales promotion. To gain most out of the target market and potential customers, various sought of promotions need to be given out form time to time so as t o keep the spare-time activity of the customers alive.Sakae Sushi has done enough advertising campaigns and has offered its customers with tonic themes every month so that their customers never get bored of the same old dishes. By introducing Sakae Signatures, Sakae Buffet and Sakae Lunch alloy N Match, etc. they try to offer more and more to their customers so that the customers can indulge in consume more delicacies without having to worry about their pockets. This has revolutionized the service industry. They also offer burgers and pastas so that they can expand their target market customers and let more people crave for zesty delicacies (Lovelock, 2007).SWOT Analysis Strengths Well-established brand in hurt of customer satisfaction and also they provide quality service. Market leaders and trendsetters in terms of addressing the needs of the customers by pitch new and apt themes and promotions every now and then that is check to the demands of their customers. Managing hi gh sales gross without charging hefty prices to their customers. Dedicated and undecomposed staff that always looks to serve the customers with a smile. Weaknesses The business organize is highly interlacing in terms of operations and the cost of maintenance is also high.Providing on the note grooming to their employees also costs a lot of money. Opportunities Can look to capitalise on the advantage they have over their competitors as a well-established brand. They also have good tie-ups in foreign countries including major Asian economies like China. Their connection is a well-recognized company listed on Singapore business Exchange. Threats Competitors can copy their business idea and try to monopolize on it. The competitors can offer jobs to their employees at their own restaurant. It is also difficult to keep up with the ever-changing demands of the customers.Sales Effectively marketing a product is only one side of the coin, the other side of the coin is the sales do dging that is implemented by a company so as to boost revenues by increasing sales. All the marketing efforts can go down the drain if a company fails to capitalize on the efforts roam in by the marketing team. of import motive of any company is to stool profits and this can only be achieved by boosting sales, and to boost sales it is very important to come up with view promotions and schemes so that the customers are lured into indulging themselves with the products offered by the company.By introducing Sakae Sushi membership and giving Sakae Card to the customers for S$38 and still managing to give the customers revalue worth S$55 is a good shout taken by the management. The card not only gives premium value, but it also can be used to avail discounts and other promotions from Sakae Sushi outlets, this keeps the customers craving for more and more new delicacies and keeping a look at new offerings.Various schemes and promotions like The Sakae buffet, Min N Match, Drive-Thru carte and Self Collect and Save help Sakae Sushi to maintain high patterns of customer satisfaction and this in turn motivates them to bring up new themes for each month of the form. For example the theme for the month of April is the Soba theme. New promotions, new monthly themes and discounts help boost sales and as the past records show Sakae Sushi has done well enough to maintain the rate of flow of profits and also innovate to apotheosis (Dalrymple, 2000). Business Development StatusSakae Sushi was stared in the grade 1997, since then it has grown tremendously and grow and reached out to other countries like Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam and China etc. Douglas Foos ambition is to turn Sakae into a major food right and to be considered as the McDonalds of sushi worldwide. After get-go its first branch in Raffles place (business district of Singapore), it has now opened more than 15 branches in Singapore alone. In 2001, Sakae opened its first overs ea outlet in Thailand, a mutual venture with a Thai food company and other local partners.By 2002, Sakae was in Indonesia as well and was grossing annual revenue of around $23 billion SGD. For the financial year ended 31 declination 2009, the conclave reported revenue of SGD88. 8 million and net profit of SGD3. 3 million (Theresianto, 2008). In 2001 Sakae Sushi opened its first Drive through restaurant in Trade Hub 21 in Jurong eastern hemisphere MRT space. Sakae Sushi tends to open their branches near MRT stations so as to attract the crowd and the give away travellers. In 2006 Sakae sushi decided to expand its business to north Korea, Mr.Foo made his first visit to North Korea in 2001 as part of a Singapore Manufacturers Federation committee and has kept up(p) the contacts he made then. He believes it will be business as usual, and he might step up talks with his North Korean business partners on plans to take his sushi outlets thither and bring North Korean cuisine to Si ngapore. In 2003, Sakaes parent company Apex-Pal was listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange. Apex-Pals food businesses, of which Sakae is the flagship brand, represented over 95% of the companys revenues.In August, Apex-Pals initial popular Offering (IPO) set out 16. 5 million shares, of which 836,000 were for public investors and the rest for introductional investors, clients and company employees (Business Times, 2004). Production Process The rice used for the sushi served in our Sakae Sushi restaurants, distant most conventional sushi restaurants, is enriched with Vitamin E. Their experienced chefs are able to produce a self-consistent level of quality for all dishes served in Sakae Sushi, thus raising the level of assertion their customers have in their restaurants.To maintain high level of quality and brightness, raw food is not rotated on the kaiten (conveyor belt) for more than an hour, and cooked food for more than two hours. This standard of freshness is maintained th rough a color-coding system. For the regular dishes, the staff can immediately identify plates, which have been on the Kaiten (conveyor belt) for too long using our color-coded system. In relation to the premium red plate dishes, as the quantity of such premium dishes is much smaller compared to the regular dishes, our chefs personally varan these dishes using our color-coded system.Their aim is to provide their customers with unique, hassle-free eat experience at Sakae Sushi restaurants. The dual-directional conveyor belt upon which the sushi dishes are displayed was designed to both maximise the seating space available and to provide customers with efficient service. Self-service hot water system dispensers are located at each table and at each station of the kaiten (conveyor belt) for customers to fill their complimentary cups of green tea.Also installed is the interactive bill of fare system at most of the restaurants from which customers can surf the placard containing bot h illustrations and descriptions of the dishes before placing their orders directly with the kitchen through the edict system on the interactive menu. Where logistic difficulties affect the installing the interactive menu system at any cell portable, the intercom ordering system is installed instead, thus maintaining the high level of efficiency in service. Sakae Sushi adopts a simple-minded two-tier pricing structure in relation to their kaiten sushi.Sakaes simple price structure proved to be very popular. The majority of sushi dishes were priced at S$1. 90 and premium dishes at S$6. 50, which made Sakae more affordable than other Japanese restaurants. Suppliers The decrease in purchases from them in FY 2001 and FY 2002 is due to Sakae Sushis ability to sound alternative sources of those products at lower costs. To degrade their reliance on All striking craft Co. and to extend our supplier buns for seafood, they began to purchase seafood from Surapon feeds Public Company special and LianHup Fish merchant Co. n FY 2001 and FY 2002 respectively. These purchases helped them increase the turnover, which was also due to the increase in the number of Sakae Sushi restaurants. In addition to Marukawa transaction, they also purchased frozen food products from Tomo-Ya Japanese Food profession, Shimaya Trading Pte Ltd and Moon marine Singapore Pte Ltd who supply Sakae Sushi with frozen food products. The amount of purchases made by the Company from each of these three suppliers was relatively constant for the last three financial years (Apex-Pal International, 2009).The avocation are the suppliers for Sakae Sushi All Big Trading Co. (All Big Frozen Food Pte Ltd) Seafood Marukawa Trading Dried / frozen food products Tomo-Ya Japanese Food Trading- Frozen food products Shimaya Trading Pte Ltd Frozen food products Moon Marine Singapore Pte Ltd Frozen food products Surapon Foods Public Company Limited Seafood LianHup Fish Merchant Co. Seafood Staff ins truct and requirements Sakae Sushi provides all new employees with a complete orientation and information which is specific to their beats.New full-time operations staff, for their FB outlets and, those of the dealerships is sent to ITE-certified On-The-Job cookery (OJT) schools to be teach by Sakae Sushis special OJT trainers. The OJT schools have been certified by ITE to be able to conduct OJT for our staff working in their FB outlets. Such training involves the training and coaching of new employees by supervisors and managers through active learning at the OJT schools. This type of training allows new employees to spud the take skills in spite of appearance a short period of time, without exit their work place.Apart from kaiten sushi, the restaurants also serve ala-carte dishes. All members of the service staff are trained with the necessary skills and menu knowledge to provide a consistent level of customer service and to assist our customers in food s pickion as and when called upon to do so. Sakae Sushi also conducts refresher courses for their staff. Part-time service crew is given on-the-job training by our qualified trainers (Apex-Pal International, 2009). Expenses and Capital Requirements The main expenses of Sakae sushi are the purchase of the raw materials from its suppliers.Since the raw materials have no fixed cost F B have to face inconstant cost of the raw materials. Since the prices of the items on the Sakae Sushi menu cannot be changing constantly, Sakae sushi have to come different ways to maintain their cypher and expenses. Every time Sakae sushi opens a new branch it has to incur certain costs like furniture, rent, labor, electricity, operating costs etc. Thus the capital required to open every new branch is different and may vary from places to places and from time to time. In the year 2011 Sakae Sushi spent around S$40,000,000 on the property, plant and equipment.Also the labor cost in Singapore is considerably much high er than most countries, so it is harder to start an F B base business like a Sakae Sushi restaurant in Singapore. Balance Sheet (Apex-Pal, 2003) Income Statement (Apex-Pal, 2003) Cash Flow Statement (Apex-Pal, 2003) Balance sheet and cash flow statement of the Sakae Holdings The meetings cash and bank balances as at 31 December 2011 stood at $6. 1 million, a decline of $6. 4 million during the year, due to increased enthronization in property, plant and equipment with the construction of new central kitchen in Singapore and view up of a headquarter in Malaysia.The company has also made investments in associates in the beginning of the year, which was funded by bank loans. shareowners equity stood at $27. 2 million as at 31 December 2011 (Full Year Financial Statement And Dividend promulgation n. d. ). The Group was in a negative working capital position of $5. 9 million as at 31 December 2011 due to short-term revolving loans balance of $10. 3 million, which are renewable at maturity. The Group has repaid some of the revolving loans during the year (Full Year Financial Statement And Dividend Announcement n. d. ). Financial Highlights A.Actual (000) Results200420052006200720082009 Revenue45,16151,90566,64583,83893,80488,817 Profit/Loss before tax2,7964,7436,6973,485(3,695)3,336 Profit/Loss attributes to share holders2. 0853,6845,0812,261(3,748)3,262 Non-current assets4,8334,62712,43318,51619,87630,852 Non-current liabilities30128942159058610,088 Shareholders equity10,76213,57620,51516,39811,15320,256 earn assets per share10. 0912. 7414. 4511. 557. 8614. 26 Earnings per share1. 963. 463. 741. 59(2. 64)2. 30 B. expect (000) Results201020112012 Revenue71,69583,644. 1790,058. 03 Profit/Loss before tax2,893. 672,909. 942,604. 4 Profit/Loss attributes to share holders2,104. 172,107. 361,844. 59 Non-current assets15,189. 5016,915. 5818. 963. 68 Non-current liabilities2,045. 832,336. 642,677. 91 Shareholders equity15,443. 3316,223. 5616,664. 81 web assets per share11. 8312. 1112. 01 Earnings per share1. 741. 701. 40 (*Projected Figures based on previous year average) (Apex-Pal International, 2009) Management Profile Board of Directors Douglas Foo Peow Yong (Chairman and Chief executive Officer) Foo Lilian (Executive Director and Executive Vice President) Andy Ong Siew Kwee (Non-Executive and self-directed Director)Lim Chee Yong (Non-Executive and mugwump Director) Chan university extension Leong (Non-Executive and indie Director) audit Committee Lim Chee Yong (Chairman), Chan aviate Leong, Andy Ong Siew Kwee Nominating Committee Lim Chee Yong (Chairman), Chan Wing Leong, Douglas Foo Peow Yong Remuneration Committee Chan Wing Leong (Chairman), Lim Chee Yong, Douglas Foo Peow Yong Company Secretaries Rachel Ng Meijing (CPA, Singapore), Chan Lai Yinb (ACIS) (Apex-Pal International, 2009) Board of Directors A identity card of directorsis a body of elected or appointed members who jointly oversee the activities of acompany(Robert, H. , 2000).Other names include carte du jour of governors, get along of managers, jump on of regents, come along of trustees, and board of visitors. It is often simply referred to as the board. In a stock corporation, the stockholders elect the board and it is the highest management authority of a company. In anon-stock corporationwith no general voting membership,e. g. , a university, the board is the supreme governing body of the institution (Robert, H. , 2000). The duties of the board of directors of Sakae Sushi are as follows * Establishing policies and objectives. * Selecting, appointing, documentation and reviewing the performance of thecompany. Ensuring the availability of financial resources. * approbatory annual budgets. * Accounting for the performance of the company. * Managing salaries and pay of the employees. MANAGEMENT Mr. Douglas Foo Ms. Foo Lilian Mr. Lim Chee Yong Mr. Andy Ong Siew Kwee Mr. Chan Wing Leong MR. DOUGLAS FOO (Chairman and Chief Executive Officer) Mr. Do uglas Foo has been a Director of the Group since 17 February 1997. As Founder and chief operating officer of the Group, he manages the overall management, strategic planning and business development functions of the Group. Mr.Foo started his career as a marketing executive but with his endowment fund and entrepreneurial skills he was able to come up with an idea of go-ahead a garment trading business which was not really successful, so a year later he thought of acquiring into the food and beverages industry by opening the first branch of Sakae Sushi and has since developed Apex- Pal into a successful enterprise that it is today (Apex-Pal International, 2009). MS. FOO LILIAN (Executive Director) Ms. Foo Lilian was appointed as Sakae Sushis Executive Director on 2nd May 2002 and is responsible for the general management of the Company. Ms.Foo handles the Groups leasing, business development and healthy matters. She is also responsible for the consultancy, maintenance and look and development work for all IT-related matters of the Group. In 1997, Ms. Foo united the Central Provident Fund Board where she was a database administrator until February 2000. She also worked with the Keppel TatLee chamfer Limited as an jock manager. Ms. Foo left wing Keppel TatLee Bank Limited to join Sakae Sushi in January 2001 (Apex-Pal International, 2009). MR. LIM CHEE YONG (In restricted Director) Mr. Lim Chee Yong was appointed as our Independent Director for Sakae Sushi on 14 July 2003.From October 1982 to April 1987, Mr. Lim served as a senior corporate banking officer in Overseas Union Bank Limited. In May 1987, he joined Banque Paribas, Singapore Branch as a deputy manager of banking, where he stayed until April 1989. He was appointed an executive director of adhesion technology and Development Limited, a company listed on the Main Board of the SGX-ST, in May 1989. Mr. Lim left Alliance Technology and Development Limited in butt on 2000. Mr. Lim is also an indepen dent director of Twinwood plan Limited, a company listed on the SGX- CATALIST, from 1997 to 2007 (Apex-Pal International, 2009). MR.ANDY ONG SIEW KWEE (Independent Director) Mr. Andy Ong Siew Kwee was also appointed as Sakae Sushis Independent Director on 14 July 2003. Mr. Ong is the CEO of ERC Holdings Pte Ltd. ERC is a leading player in the education industry in Asia. He oversees the regional development as well as the merger and acquisition activities of the firm. He is also the Founding President of the Financial proviso Association of Singapore, a master copy body for financial services that issues world-renowned dependent Financial Planner marks. He has create verbally several best-selling books on financial management and business (Apex-Pal International, 2009).MR. CHAN WING LEONG (Independent Director) Mr. Chan Wing Leong was appointed as an Independent Director on 30 April 2005. Mr. Chan holds an honors degree in scotchs from the University of Singapore. He started hi s career in the Administrative Service of the Singapore administration in 1981, and has held stints in several organization posts in the Ministry for Trade and Industry and Economic Development Board, as well as in Government- linked Corporations. Mr. Chan was an investment banker in the late 1980s to 1995 at Schroders PLC and Bankers charge Corp in both Singapore and Hong Kong.In 1995, he returned to Singapore to be Chief Financial Officer of Sembawang Corporation until 2001 (Carter, 2008). reinforcement Request and Exit Strategy In December 2007, Sakae opened its first outlet in the United States at the Chrysler construction in New York, its 61st outlet worldwide. initial S$3 million had been invested by Apex-Pal in the outlet. The outlet did not to well because of tougher times and they have since then shut down their operations in USA. Initially, because of the companys small size, Mr. Foos strategy for Sakaes expansion was to enter into franchise agreements.As the company g rew, the company also use a strategy of foreign direct investments in those countries where such investments were feasible and also welcomed by the respective governments. Global economic crisis occurred in 2008 and Sakae found its margins winced by high prices for commodities such as rice and vegetables. The company cut salaries and executive pay but decided against staff layoff. A profit of S$2. 3 million in 2007 was followed by a net loss of S$3. 8 million, in 2008 due to rising rentals, salaries and commodity costs. It was Apex-Pals first annual loss.Sakae introduced cost slash measures such as finding new food suppliers, minimizing shave and tightening other operational practices. The company returned to making profit in 2009, posting a S$3. 3 million profit. Risks and Contingency Planning The Starting Point It is vital that any organization takes development and maintenance, disaster convalescence and business continuity plans seriously. It cannot be left until it develo ps into a serious problem. Impact perspicacity One of the first tasks to be undertaken is to stool a comprehensive list of serious issues that can affect the normal operations of a business.This list should include all possible issues no matter how plausibly they are to occur. Since Singapore is an island one of the major risk factors can be floods. development the Plan Once the assessment stratum has been completed, the structure of the plan can be established. The plan will contain a range of milestones to move the organization from stop status to return to normal operations. The first important milestone is about traffic with the aftermath of a disaster. The next defend is to determine which business functions need to be resumed.The plan will be detailed, and will identify key individuals who should be acquainted(predicate) with their duties (The Contingency Planning Guide, 2002). Testing the Plan Once this plan has been developed it must be subjected to rigorous exam. The testing go must be mighty plotted and should be carried out in a suitable environment to produce authentic conditions. Those who would undertake the major activities of the business should test the plan. The test procedures should be documented and the results recorded. This is important to turn back that feedback is obtained for fine-tuning the Plan.Personnel Training This stage is dependent upon the development of the plan and the successful testing of the plan. It is necessary that all personnel are aware of the plan, its content and their own related duties and responsibilities. Again, it is important that all personnel take the disaster recovery plan seriously, even if the events that would trigger the Plan seem unlikely. take in feedback from staff in order to ensure that responsibilities and duties are understood, particularly those that require colony on others actions (The Contingency Planning Guide, 2002). Maintaining the PlanThe plan must always be kept up to d ate and applicable to current business circumstances. This means that any changes to the business process must be right reflected in the plan. Someone must be assigned responsibility for ensuring that the plan is maintained and updated regularly and should therefore ensure that information concerning changes to the business process are properly communicated. Any changes or amendments made to the plan must be fully tested. Everyone should be kept abreast of such changes that affect their duties (The Contingency Planning Guide, 2002). Recommendations To develop business in America and to attract American customers its important for the Sakae group to develop some American friendly food like Sakae beef burgers, hot dogs, rolls and other food loved by the people there, this will affect the revenue that Sakae can make in that country. * In countries like North Korea, they should find local partners to work out a good franchising option. * leave more on the job training activities to en rich the employees to possess all the required skill to excel in their job. * blast their product base and standardize their products across all their branches to lower their costs. Conduct ample market investigate to identify the target market and develop products and services according to the needs of their customers. * Tie up with other food beverage organizations to promote and diversify their brand. * Sponsor events like marathons, blood boon drives and cultural fests to attract the masses oddly the younger generation to get involved with Sakae Holdings. * As part of Corporate friendly Responsibility, Sakae Holdings should adapt eco-friendly practices like recycling, reusing and reducing the waste generated.Also they can contribute towards the environment by implementing energy saving practices like maintaining a constant temperature of 24 degrees while using air-conditioner. * By working with their suppliers they can research and develop new ways to store their invento ries effectively by keeping it fresh and ready to use. * They should also develop ways to minimize their transportation cycles and also go along on fuel costs and reduce their carbon footprint. 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